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Compound Groups

Compound groups are groups of chemicals that share structural or chemical features. In most cases, hazard lists will assign hazards to individual substances. Compound groups are useful because in some cases, lists will instead identify a group of structurally similar compounds (such as lead compounds) as all having the same hazard. The Pharos staff is in the process of establishing and populating compound groups, and associating warnings from the hazard lists with them. The table below indicates how each compound group is populated, and what is the status of its population.
Compound Groups
COMPOUND GROUP NAME POPULATION STATUS DATE POPULATED DESCRIPTION PROFILE TYPE # MEMBERS # HAZARDS
Nickel Compounds, Soluble (MAK list) complete

This compound group has been populated using subgroups listed by MAK Commission of Germany.

fixed list 11 29
Non-halogenated aromatic phosphates - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

fixed list 0 2
Nonphenol Ethoxylates (TRI Category) 03/09/21

This compound group was populated using a list of chemicals that are reportable under the MA Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA). See https://www.mass.gov/guides/massdep-toxics-use-reduction-program#-listed-chemicals- for more information.

fixed list 205 34
Nonphenols (TRI Category) 03/09/21

This compound group was populated using a list of chemicals that are reportable under the MA Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA). See https://www.mass.gov/guides/massdep-toxics-use-reduction-program#-listed-chemicals- for more information.

fixed list 9 29
ortho-Phthalates - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

fixed list 54 1
Ozone Depleting Chemicals (ODCs) in Google's MRSL complete 02/12/21

This compound group was populated from the Google Manufacturing Restricted Substances Specification (v1.0) (TTD_3549)

fixed list 209 2
p,p´-Bisphenols - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

fixed list 0 2
PBDEs in Commercial Octabromodiphenyl Ether incomplete This compound group is defined by a list in the Stockholm Convention, available at http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/TheNewPOPs/tabid/2511/Default.aspx fixed list 4 36
PBDEs In Commercial Pentabromodiphenyl Ether incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. fixed list 13 36
Pentanol isomers (MAK list) complete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

fixed list 9 4
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals/perfluorochemicals-pfcs

fixed list 14 16
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) in Google's MRSL complete 02/12/21

This compound group was populated from the Google Manufacturing Restricted Substances Specification (v1.0) (TTD_3549)

fixed list 9 1
Perfluorooctane Sulfonates (PFOS) and PFOS salts in Google's MRSL complete 02/12/21

This compound group was populated from the Google Manufacturing Restricted Substances Specification (v1.0) (TTD_3549)

fixed list 29 2
Petroleum Process Streams complete 03/10/23

EPA's Partially Exempt Petroleum Process Streams list

from EPA's Chemical Data Reporting: https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/partially-exempt-petroleum-process-streams

fixed list 633 0
PFAS - EPAPFASIV complete 08/14/23

This compound group is populated from EPAPFASIV's list. EPA filtered several publicly available PFAS lists to exclude most high (>500) and low (<50) molecular weight compounds, aromatic compounds, metal-containing compounds, and chemicals with a low ratio of fluorine to carbon. The PFAS chemicals in this list are in the current inventory found to be soluble in DMSO.

fixed list 439 13
Phenol, isopropylated, phosphate (3:1) - EPA PBT complete 07/12/23

EPA's background information about PBT define this compound group as a family of structures in which each of the three aryl groups have at least one isopropyl group: Tris(3-isopropylphenyl) phosphate, Tri(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, Tri(4-isopropylphenyl) phosphate

fixed list 3 1
Pigments containing or manufactured with chlorine complete 07/19/23

This compound group is populated with ChemForward's inadvertent PCB (iPCB) Pigment Resources - pigments with "Yes" for "Contains Chlorine?" or a "Yes" for "Manufactured using chlorine solvent?".

fixed list 174 0
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS (OSHA EXCLUSIONS) complete This compound group is defined by a list in the US EPA's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basis of OSHA Carcinogens document, available at https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basis-osha-carcinogens. fixed list 24 6
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (TRI Category) 03/09/21

This compound group was populated using a list of chemicals that are reportable under the MA Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA). See https://www.mass.gov/guides/massdep-toxics-use-reduction-program#-listed-chemicals- for more information.

fixed list 31 7
Polycyclic synthetic musks - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

fixed list 0 1
Polyhalogenated aliphatic chains (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 42 12
Polyhalogenated benzene alicycles (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 4 12
Polyhalogenated benzene aliphatics and functionalized (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 22 12
Polyhalogenated benzenes (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 20 12
Polyhalogenated bisphenol aliphatics and functionalized (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 42 12
Polyhalogenated carbocycles (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 40 12
Polyhalogenated diphenyl ethers (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 19 12
Polyhalogenated organophosphates (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 38 12
Polyhalogenated phenol derivatives (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 10 12
Polyhalogenated phenol-aliphatic ethers (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 14 12
Polyhalogenated phthalates/benzoates/imides (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 21 12
Polyhalogenated triazines (NAS OFR subclass) complete 05/21/19

This compound group is populated from a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

fixed list 7 12
Pyrethroid pesticides - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

fixed list 0 1
QUINOLINE STRONG ACID SALTS complete 07/09/19

Strong acid salts are listed at https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/dsstoxdb/mixture_search?cid=1798

fixed list 6 4
salts and esters of dinoterb - ECHA complete 05/26/23

ECHA defined chemical group

fixed list 1 13
Salts of 4,4'-oxydianiline complete

This compound group is defined and populated from ECHA's Substance Infocard for Salts of 4,4'-dianiline https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.239.146

fixed list 1 6
salts of aniline - ECHA chemical group complete 05/26/23 fixed list 11 12
salts of hydrazine - ECHA complete 05/26/23

ECHA defined chemical group

fixed list 33 18
Sesquiterpene lactones (MAK list) complete

This compound group is populated from the List of Substances with MAK & BAT Values & Categories at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/9783527812127.oth/asset/oth.pdf?v=1&t=jasibday&s=5ca2bde2067c57e83f4b040bd5cd056eda4714b7

fixed list 16 1
Synthetic hormones used in food production - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

fixed list 0 1
TAMOXIFEN SALTS complete 07/08/19

The citrate salt appears to be the only commonly available salt

fixed list 2 2
Tetramethyl acetyloctahydronaphthalenes - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

fixed list 0 1
US CDC National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals List incomplete 07/27/20

CASRN were manually assigned based on the chemical list at https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/Report_Chemical_List-508.pdf

The reports are available at https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/index.html

Executive summary: https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_ExecutiveSummary.pdf

Spreadsheet indicating which chemicals have not been assigned CASRN / included: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cUDY8uAy7lUdYpJ4iGw7bC2sVq23k1A9BhEEHaPqLSw/edit#gid=575529260

fixed list 942 0
zinc chromates including zinc potassium chromate - ECHA complete 05/26/23

ECHA defined chemical group

fixed list 12 5
Amylases incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. functional use 25 0
Antimicrobials incomplete

The term “antimicrobials” is a general term to describe a variety of substances that kill or control the growth of microbes, including bacteria and fungi.

These substances are regulated as pesticides by the US Environmental Protection Agency and can present hazards to human and/or environmental health.

A great number of products on the market incorporate antimicrobials into their composition because they require preservation.  Water-based formulations and certain polymers are vulnerable to microbes that would otherwise feed on these materials and over time compromise their performance or appearance.

Some products on the market may include antimicrobials not for preservation, but to kill microbes that might make us sick.  However, to date there is no evidence that adding antimicrobials these products result in healthier populations, and the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have both issued statements advising that adding antimicrobials to such products are unnecessary.

The inclusion of antimicrobials in finished products – especially when used as preservatives – is not always disclosed and it may be difficult to determine what additives are present, and in what amounts.

This is a partial list of antimicrobial additives that may be present in building products as identified by Healthy Building Network in 2016.  

Sources include the FDA: https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/09/06/2016-21337/safety-and-effectiveness-of-consumer-antiseptics-topical-antimicrobial-drug-products-for

functional use 487 2
Antimicrobials used in building products incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. functional use 50 2
Azocolourants and Azodyes complete 10/16/20

This compound group is populated from multiple sources, including the AZODYES chemical list at https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical_lists/AZODYES.

functional use 323 2
Biocides incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

functional use 450 3
Brominated and chlorinated organic compounds used as flame retardants - Biomonitoring CA incomplete

This group is populated from the list at https://biomonitoring.ca.gov/chemicals

functional use 0 2
Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR) incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

functional use 263 23
Chlorinated Flame Retardants (CFRs) incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

functional use 74 14
Color Index (C.I.) Dyes complete 07/19/23

A list of dyes associated with the Color Index list and associated identifiers from Comptox.

functional use 2131 0
Flame Retardants incomplete

This compound group is populated by its subgroups and literature searches for flame retardants. Please contact support@pharosproject.net with any suggestions or additions.

functional use 833 1
Flame Retardants, non-halogenated, non-organophosphorous incomplete

This group includes minerals, amines, and inorganic phosphates

functional use 83 5
Formaldehyde based binders incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. functional use 398 3
Formaldehyde Donors complete 05/29/20

This compound group is populated from a list of chemicals in an ECHA Investigation Report - Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde Releasers as well as manual searches. Report downloaded from https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/annex_xv_report_formaldehyde_en.pdf/58be2f0a-7ca7-264d-a594-da5051a1c74b

149-44-0 (Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate) was added based on suggestion by GreenSeal, citing https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-hydroxymethanesulfinate and https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC149190250&productDescription=SODIUM+FORMALDEHYDESULFO+25KG&vendorId=VN00032119&countryCode=US&language=en 

functional use 187 1
Halogenated Flame Retardants (HFRs) incomplete 05/01/19

This compound group is populated by its subgroups, including a National Academies of Science report "A Class Approach to Hazard Assessment of Organohalogen Flame Retardants (2019)" available at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25412/a-class-approach-to-hazard-assessment-of-organohalogen-flame-retardants

functional use 430 10
Halogenated Solvents - City of Portland, OR complete 05/17/17

Includes chemicals from https://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/28482

1-Chlorobutane (CAS 109-69-3) added by suggestion of GreenSeal citing https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1-Chlorobutane#section=Use-Classification

functional use 88 5
Non Halogenated Flame Retardants incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

functional use 239 5
Organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs) incomplete

This compound group is populated from lists of organophosphorous / organophosphate flame retardants from multiple commercial and academic sources.

functional use 189 4
Oxazolidine formaldehyde releasers in progress 06/03/20

This compound group was populated by a manual search.

functional use 4 0
proteases incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

functional use 2 0
2-Hydrazinoethanol, salts incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 1
2-Naphthalenecarboxamide derivatives incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=CC=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)C(=O)N'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 268 0
2-Naphthalenol (and compounds) incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=CC=C2C=C(C=CC2=C1)O'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 156 0
2,4-Dichloro-6-nitrophenol, salts incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 1
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid salts and esters incomplete This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)OCC(=O)O'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 0 0
2,4,5-TRIMETHYLANILINE STRONG ACID SALTS complete

The only strong acid salt found was the HCl salt.

other 2 2
3-Pyridinecarbonitrile (and related compounds) incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=CC(=CN=C1)C#N'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 115 0
3,3'-DIMETHOXYBENZIDINE-BASED DYES incomplete

This compound group was populated from a National Toxicology Program "FINAL Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Dyes Metabolized to 3,3′-Dimethylbenzidine" at https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/newhomeroc/roc10/dmob_no_appendices_508.pdf.

other 7 7
3,3'-DIMETHYLBENZIDINE-BASED DYES incomplete

This compound group was populated from a National Toxicology Program "FINAL Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Dyes Metabolized to 3,3′-Dimethylbenzidine" at https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/newhomeroc/roc10/dmb_no_appendices_508.pdf.

other 9 6
4-heptylphenol, branched and linear complete 02/27/23

substances with a linear and/or branched alkyl chain with a carbon number of 7 covalently bound predominantly in position 4 to phenol, covering also UVCB- and well-defined substances which include any of the individual isomers or a combination thereof

ECHA chemical group parent

other 25 6
4-Nonylphenol, branched and linear, ethoxylated substances incomplete

This compound group was populated from reports provided by the US EPA, Canadian government, and ECHA, as well as searches for 'nonylphenol' in the ECHA C&L Inventory and in PubChem.

https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/national-pollutant-release-inventory/report/sector-specific-tools-calculate-emissions/list-nonylphenol-ethoxylates.html

https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/addition-npes-category-tri-list-proposed-rule

http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/f24cf2d8-11d5-4495-9e18-065b34e94e0b

https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

 

other 247 6
4-NONYLPHENOLS (linear and branched) incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 9 34
9,10-Anthracenedione, and related compounds incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 504 0
ACID ANHYDRIDES incomplete This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1~CC(=O)OC1=O'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 8 2
Acids generated from chromium trioxide and their oligomers incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 10 9
Alkali persulfates (Sah) incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 0 1
Alkanes, C6-C28 chloro- factions incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 7 6
Alkanes, Petroleum gas (C1-C5 various factions) incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 5 0
Alkenes, C12-14, hydroformylation products, (and distn. residues, ethoxylated or propoxylated), dihydrogen phosphates, sodium salts incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 2 0
Alkylphenol Ethoxylates incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 416 3
Alkylphenols and related compounds complete 07/28/17

This group is populated by more specific groups of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates.

other 584 3
aluminium alkyls incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 8
Amorphous silica subgroups (MAK list) incomplete

This compound group has been populated using subgroups listed by MAK Commission of Germany.

other 15 1
Anabasin, salts incomplete

This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition.

other 0 1
Anhydrides, dicarboxylic and methanophthalic incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 3 0
Anhydrides, tetrahydro- methylphthalic incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 7 0
Anhydrides, tetrahydrophthalic incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 4 0
Aniline homologs incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 0 3
Anthracene oil, extracts and pastes incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 10 0
Antimony compounds, inorganic in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[Sb]' and subsequently filtered to remove substances containing '[C]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 316 28
Aromatic amines incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=CC=C(C=C1)N'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 50 0
Aromatic Azo Compounds incomplete

This compound group is defined by the SMILES string 'C1=CC=C(C=C1)N=NC2=CC=CC=C2'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system.

other 12 0
Aromatic Hydrocarbon oils, - mixed incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 3 0
Aromatic hydrocarbons, various fractions, treated or distillation, Pyrolysis Products incomplete This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 13 0
ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, INORGANIC in progress This compound group is defined by the SMILES string '[As]' and subsequently filtered to remove substances containing '[C]'. For more information on SMILES, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system. other 457 44
Arsenic Compounds, Soluble incomplete

This compound group was populated from Table 1 of "Arsenic, inorganic and soluble salts Evaluation of health hazards and proposal of a health-based quality criterion for drinking water" Environmental Project No. 1532, 2014. Danish Ministry of the Environment at https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2014/01/978-87-93026-86-5.pdf

other 14 37
ARSENIC, INORGANIC OXIDES complete 08/09/18 This compound group has not yet been assigned a structural definition. other 8 47