Nickel compounds, oxidic

What kind of information do these other sites provide?

• PubChem provides information on the biological activities of over 90 million small molecules. It is the source of the physical properties and many of the synonyms for chemicals in Pharos. It is managed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
• ChemIDplus is a database within ToxNet that contains over 400,000 chemical records that include chemical IDs and toxicology data. It is managed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
• OECD eChemPortal provides information on chemical properties and direct links to collections of information prepared for government chemical review programmes at national, regional, and international levels. The eChemPortal is an effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in collaboration with numerous governments and NGOs.
• HSDB (Hazardous Substances DataBase) is a database within ToxNet that focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It provides information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, nanomaterials, and related areas. It is managed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
• CPCat (Chemical and Product Categories) is an EPA database containing information mapping more than 43,000 chemicals to a set of terms categorizing their usage or function.
• Pharos Chemical and Material Library is also managed by the Healthy Building Network and is the source of all the hazard data in Pharos. Additionally, it contains information on how chemicals are produced, and what building products they can be found in. The site requires a subscription, but a free trial is available.
• EPA's CompTox Chemistry Dashboard contains chemical properties, environmental fate, hazard information, and links to additional databases.
• PubMed comprises more than 28 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
• EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) generates data and predictive models on thousands of chemicals of interest to the EPA. ToxCast uses high-throughput screening methods and computational toxicology approaches to rank and prioritize chemicals.
• International Toxicity Estimates for Risk (ITER) contains data in support of human health risk assessments. It is compiled by Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) and contains data from CDC/ATSDR, Health Canada, RIVM, U.S. EPA, IARC, NSF International and independent parties offering peer-reviewed risk values.
• ECHA Registration Dossiers contain chemical hazard information submitted to the European Chemicals Agency as part of manufacturers obligations under the EU’s chemical regulation, REACH.
• US EPA Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Program is a resource for learning about toxic chemical releases of a designated set of 692 chemicals and chemical categories into air, water bodies, and land by industrial and federal facilities as required under US federal law.
• Remediation projects managed by Pure Earth provides a detailed description of each of their roughly 140 chemical remediation projects, including statistics, timelines, and partner organizations. Pharos links directly only to those with that refer to specific chemicals.
• Pure Earth’s Toxic Sites Identification Program provides a database of chemical contamination in low- and middle-income countries with rich search criteria including chemical, population, region, industry source, and risk-ranking.

Why include data on chemical contamination and releases?

Chemicals can affect our health and environment throughout their life cycle - from extraction, refining, use, recycling, and disposal. The US EPA Toxic Release Inventory and Pure Earth database are rich sources of data on these effects in the US and abroad.

What are the C2C Hazards? The Cradle to Cradle Certified Product Standard establishes a Material Health Assessment Methodology which assigns hazard ratings to 24 individual human and environmental health endpoints. Roll your cursor over the abbreviations (C, M, R+D, etc) in the table to see the full name of each endpoint (Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity, etc). Organohalogen and Toxic Metal are classes of chemicals generally associated with significant human and environmental health issues and are specially treated in the C2C Standard.

The hazard rating is a Green-Yellow-Red-Grey color scheme based upon available toxicity and fate information:

• Green: no hazard identified for the endpoint
• Red: hazard identified for the endpoint
• Yellow: borderline
• Grey: no data available for the endpoint

This tab shows the preliminary hazard ratings based upon hazard lists tracked in the Pharos Chemical & Material Library. During full assessment for certification purposes, Grey hazards must be filled by an accredited assessor and other list-based hazards may be overridden.

Why are these rating colors sometimes different from the GreenScreen or Pharos rating colors? The C2C hazard rating colors are similar to those used in the GreenScreen system and in Pharos, with some distinctions. Pharos has two additional rating colors - orange and purple - not used in the C2C or GreenScreen systems. Pharos orange, red and purple ratings generally encompass the C2C & GreenScreen red ranges. There are some distinctions between the GreenScreen and C2C thresholds that result in different color assignments that are under consideration for harmonization. See the Material Health Evaluation Programs Harmonization Opportunities Report for details. For substances that have been fully assessed under the GreenScreen protocol, there may be different colors due to the application of data from studies that provide information beyond that in the hazard lists.

If interested in assessing the chemicals in a product, please also review the link below describing "How to Use These Scores in a C2C Assessment".

The top table displays preliminary hazard ratings for individual endpoints based on the hazard lists a given chemical appears on. During the assessment, an accredited Cradle to Cradle Certified Material Health Assessor may override these list-based hazard ratings based on information from other sources. Additionally, a red hazard rating in any one endpoint does not automatically mean that a substance will be x-assessed and targeted for phase-out, as exposure relevant to the endpoint may be deemed non-plausible for the substance depending on the material and product context in which it is being assessed.

The bottom table (Full Hazard List by Endpoint) includes all warnings associated with the substance from each of the authoritative hazard lists used by C2C, as well as additional lists in the Pharos Chemical and Material Library. C2C lists are labeled with their C2C hazard rating (Red, Yellow, or Green), while non-C2C lists are labeled as "not rated".

The ratings for the hazard lists used in this tool are based on Table 9 in the Material Assessment Methodology, Cradle to Cradle Certified Version 3.0 with a few minor adjustments/additions to allow for direct mapping from GreenScreen list translator results for a subset of the covered lists. The v3.0 Material Assessment Methdology document can be found on the C2C Resources page at http://www.c2ccertified.org/resources/collection-page/cradle-to-cradle-certified-resources. For information on the relevant adjustments/additions, contact Matteo Kausch at matteo@c2ccertified.org.

Key
R: Red hazard level
Y: Yellow hazard level
G: Green hazard level
?: On a hazard list that has not been rated by C2C
-: Not listed on any C2C or Pharos hazard lists